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Currencies trade on an open market, just like stocks, bonds, computers, cars, and many other goods and services. A currency's value will fluctuate depending on its supply and demand, just like anything else. If something increases supply or lowers demand for a currency, that currency will fall. For example, when Greece threatened to default on its debt, it threatened the existence of the euro, and investors around the world rushed to sell euros.
"A currency’s value will fluctuate depending on its supply and demand, just like anything else."
When looking at the future, many traders will have an opinion on where a currency is going. If a trader is optimistic and thinks a currency will rise, he is said to be "bullish". If the trader is negative and expects a currency to fall, he is said to be "bearish". Every day, the bulls and the bears do battle and the price moves as one or the other gets the upper hand.
Our job as forex traders is to look at the currencies available to us and to buy the strongest while selling the weakest. So, if after reading the news you became bearish of euros and bullish of US dollars, you could trade that opinion by selling euros and buying US dollars.